Information Technology
Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data, or information, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. IT is considered to be a subset of information and communications technology (ICT).
Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating, and communicating information since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about 3000 BC, but the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)." Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs.
The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several products or services within an economy are associated with information technology, including computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment, and e-commerce.[a]
Based on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish four distinct phases of IT development: pre-mechanical (3000 BC – 1450 AD), mechanical (1450–1840), electromechanical (1840–1940), and electronic (1940–present). This article focuses on the most recent period (electronic), which began in about 1940.
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Matching Information Technology Colleges
University of Phoenix-Arizona
Four or more years; Private for profit; $11,330 average out-state tuition; $11,330 average in-state tuition |
Colorado Technical University-Colorado Springs
Four or more years; Private for profit; $11,315 average out-state tuition; $11,315 average in-state tuition |
Western Governors University
Four or more years; Private not for profit; $5,780 average out-state tuition; $5,780 average in-state tuition |
Carnegie Mellon University
Four or more years; Private not for profit; $52,732 average out-state tuition; $52,732 average in-state tuition |
University of Central Missouri
Four or more years; Public; $13,260 average out-state tuition; $6,630 average in-state tuition |
Kaplan University-Davenport Campus
Four or more years; Private for profit; $13,356 average out-state tuition; $13,356 average in-state tuition |
George Mason University
Four or more years; Public; $31,118 average out-state tuition; $8,672 average in-state tuition |
Scholarships for Information Technology Majors
Edith Nourse Rogers STEM ScholarshipU.S. Department of Veterans Affairs |
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award Up to $30,000 |
deadline Varies |
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Max Christianson Division of Business and Computer Science ScholarshipUnion College, Nebraska |
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award $25,000 |
deadline Varies |
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NCK Tech Kansas Promise ScholarshipNorth Central Kansas Technical College |
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award Up to $20,000 |
deadline Varies |
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Code Platoon Veteran and Spouse ScholarshipCode Platoon |
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award Up to $15,500 |
deadline Varies |
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Code Platoon MilSpouse Coders ScholarshipCode Platoon |
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award Up to $15,500 |
deadline Varies |
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Alois Bulawa ScholarshipUniversity of Wisconsin, Milwaukee - Lubar School of Business |
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award $10,500 |
deadline Varies |
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SOLV Energy Women in Solar ScholarshipSolar Energy International (SEI) |
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award $10,000 |
deadline Varies |
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TMCF | PPG Foundation ScholarshipThurgood Marshall College Fund |
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award Up to $10,000 |
deadline March 27, 2023 |
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Lockheed Martin STEM ScholarshipLockheed Martin |
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award $10,000 |
deadline March 31, 2023 |
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S-Cubed ScholarshipWestminster College, Utah |
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award $8,000 |
deadline Varies |
Information Technology Related Majors
- Computer Science
- Computer and Information Sciences
- Computer Programming
- Computer/Information Technology Administration and Management
- Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design
- Computer Graphics
- Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications
- Computer and Information Systems Security/Auditing/Information Assurance
- Computer Software and Media Applications
- Information Science/Studies
- Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster
- Information Technology Project Management
- Artificial Intelligence
- Data Modeling/Warehousing and Database Administration
- Network and System Administration/Administrator
- Computer Support Specialist
- Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician
- Informatics
- Data Entry/Microcomputer Applications
- Computer Game Programming